Classic Car Wiki

Introduction to Messerschmitt

Messerschmitt is best known as a German aircraft manufacturer that, for a brief period in the 1950s, also produced a range of small three-wheeled microcars. These unique vehicles were a response to post-World War II economic conditions and transportation shortages. Though automobile production was only a small part of the company’s history, the cars—especially the KR200—have become iconic symbols of mid-century innovation and utilitarian design.

Aircraft Origins and Post-War Restrictions

Messerschmitt AG was originally an aircraft manufacturer, famous for producing the Bf 109 and Me 262 fighter planes during World War II. After the war, the Allies imposed strict bans on aircraft production in Germany, forcing many aerospace firms to pivot toward other industries.

Need for a New Product Line

With its core business halted, Messerschmitt turned to alternative engineering products to stay afloat. In the early 1950s, the company entered the microcar market, which was rapidly growing due to a high demand for inexpensive personal transportation in war-torn Europe.

Collaboration with Fritz Fend

The Messerschmitt car venture began through a collaboration with aircraft engineer and inventor Fritz Fend. He had already developed a small three-wheeled vehicle called the Fend Flitzer, initially intended for disabled people. Its clever design and affordability attracted interest for broader use.

Creation of the KR175

In 1953, Messerschmitt agreed to produce a modified version of Fend’s design at its factory in Regensburg. The result was the KR175 (short for Kabinenroller, or “cabin scooter”), a three-wheeled bubble car with tandem seating, aircraft-like controls, and a transparent canopy. Its futuristic look and compact size made it an instant curiosity.

Messerschmitt KR200 (1955–1964)

The KR175 was soon succeeded by the more refined and commercially successful KR200 in 1955. This new model featured improvements in stability, power, and comfort.

Design Features

The KR200 was powered by a 191cc single-cylinder two-stroke engine capable of reaching speeds up to 90 km/h (56 mph). Its tandem two-seat arrangement and low fuel consumption (over 80 mpg) made it highly economical. The most distinctive feature was its aircraft-inspired canopy, which hinged open to allow entry, reinforcing its aviation pedigree.

Driving Characteristics

Unlike traditional cars, the KR200 used handlebar-style steering and had no reverse gear—instead, the engine could run in reverse rotation to drive the vehicle backward. It had a quirky charm and appealed to customers looking for a minimalist alternative to full-sized cars.

Variants and Experiments

Messerschmitt experimented with several variants of the KR200 platform to meet different market needs.

KR201 Roadster and KR200 Cabriolet

Open-top versions were created to appeal to drivers in warmer climates or those desiring a more sporty look. These included the KR201 Roadster and the KR200 Cabriolet.

Tiger (TG500)

One of the most advanced models was the TG500 Tiger, introduced in 1958. It featured four wheels instead of three and a larger 494cc two-cylinder engine. With a top speed of around 120 km/h (75 mph), it was a performance microcar, capable of competing with small sports cars of the time. Fewer than 500 were produced, making it a collector’s item today.

Messerschmitt FMR

Eventually, Messerschmitt’s car production was transferred to a company called FMR (Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH Regensburg) in 1956. Though the vehicles continued to carry the Messerschmitt name, the aircraft manufacturer distanced itself from car production as it gradually returned to aviation-related work.

Decline and End of Production

By the early 1960s, the European economy had improved significantly, and demand for microcars began to fall. Consumers increasingly wanted full-sized, four-wheeled vehicles. Additionally, competition from affordable compact cars like the Volkswagen Beetle made three-wheelers seem outdated.

Last Models and End of Line

Production of the KR200 and its variants ceased in 1964. Although no longer made, the cars had a lasting impact on automotive design and are now considered classic examples of post-war innovation and resourcefulness.

Legacy and Collector Interest

Today, Messerschmitt microcars are prized by collectors and enthusiasts for their unique style, historical significance, and rarity. The KR200 and TG500, in particular, often appear at vintage car shows and museums across Europe and North America.

Cultural Icon

The bubble car silhouette of the KR200 is instantly recognizable and often featured in pop culture references to the 1950s and 60s. Its aircraft-style build and canopy make it one of the most distinctive cars of the 20th century.

Revival Attempts

There have been occasional attempts to revive the Messerschmitt brand or reissue updated versions of its microcars. In 2021, a modern KR202 was introduced by a German startup using the same basic form factor but with modernized components and optional electric power.

Conclusion

Though Messerschmitt’s car manufacturing period was brief, its impact on the automotive world was significant. It exemplified how ingenuity and necessity can lead to bold, creative designs. The Messerschmitt KR200 and TG500 remain symbols of post-war European resilience and design, representing a fascinating intersection between aviation and automotive history.