Classic Car Wiki

Introduction to the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company

The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was one of the premier American luxury automobile manufacturers in the early 20th century. Based in Buffalo, New York, the company was known for producing exceptionally crafted vehicles for elite clients, including royalty, presidents, and celebrities. Pierce-Arrow symbolized American engineering excellence and prestige during the brass and classic car eras.

Founding and Early Years (1872–1900)

The company began in 1872 as the George N. Pierce Company, originally manufacturing birdcages and household goods. By the late 1890s, the firm shifted focus to the booming bicycle industry, producing the popular “Pierce” bicycles.

Entry into Automobiles

In 1901, Pierce built its first car — a single-cylinder horseless carriage called the Motorette. Encouraged by its reception, Pierce expanded into more powerful and luxurious vehicles under the new brand Pierce-Arrow by 1904.

Rise to Prestige (1904–1918)

Pierce-Arrow quickly gained a reputation for quality and performance. By 1909, it had become the preferred automobile of the White House, serving U.S. Presidents from William Howard Taft to Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Key Innovations

• First use of aluminum body panels in production cars
• Introduction of powerful six-cylinder engines
• Innovative headlights integrated into the front fenders — a Pierce-Arrow trademark from 1914 onward

These innovations, along with impeccable craftsmanship, elevated Pierce-Arrow above many competitors and solidified its status in the luxury market.

The Golden Era (1920s)

During the 1920s, Pierce-Arrow thrived. Its clientele included European royalty, American industrialists, Hollywood actors, and government officials. Every car was custom-built and tailored to the customer’s specifications.

Notable Models

• Model 32 and Model 36 – Large touring cars with smooth engines and luxury appointments
• Series 80 and Series 81 – Introduced in the mid-1920s, featuring more modern styling and mechanical improvements
• Series 133/143 – Among the most luxurious American cars of the decade, offering V12 engines and chauffeur-driven configurations

Craftsmanship

Pierce-Arrow was renowned for its hand-finished bodies, opulent interiors, and robust mechanical quality. Their cars were understated in styling, avoiding flamboyance in favor of elegance and refinement.

Merger with Studebaker (1928)

In 1928, Pierce-Arrow merged with Studebaker Corporation, seeking financial strength and production efficiencies. Initially, the partnership was beneficial, allowing Pierce to modernize and expand.

However, when the Great Depression struck in 1929, sales of ultra-luxury vehicles plummeted. Studebaker’s own financial troubles led to Pierce-Arrow being spun off again as an independent company in 1933.

The Final Years (1933–1938)

Despite releasing some of its most technically advanced models during the 1930s, including powerful V12 engines and ultra-luxury sedans and limousines, Pierce-Arrow could not weather the economic storm.

Silver Arrow (1933)

The Silver Arrow was a visionary concept car unveiled at the 1933 New York Auto Show. Designed by Phil Wright, it featured streamlined, futuristic styling and bold aerodynamic lines. Only five were built. The Silver Arrow is often cited as one of the most beautiful American cars ever produced.

Decline and Closure

Production volume dropped dramatically during the mid-1930s. Pierce-Arrow couldn’t compete with less expensive brands offering similar amenities. In 1938, the company ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy, marking the end of an American icon.

Legacy of Pierce-Arrow

Although it disappeared by the late 1930s, Pierce-Arrow’s legacy continues to shine among automotive historians and collectors. The brand represents the zenith of pre-war American luxury engineering.

Collectibility

Surviving Pierce-Arrow automobiles are among the most valuable and revered classic cars in the world. Restored examples are common at events like the Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance and Amelia Island.

Pierce-Arrow Society

The Pierce-Arrow Society keeps the brand’s heritage alive with member meetups, car shows, restoration resources, and historical preservation.

Conclusion

Pierce-Arrow embodied the height of American craftsmanship, luxury, and technical advancement in the early 20th century. From supplying presidents to setting design trends with their signature fender-mounted headlights, Pierce-Arrow left an indelible mark on automotive history. Though its cars ceased production in 1938, the Pierce-Arrow name continues to resonate with elegance and prestige.