Classic Car Wiki

Introduction to Volkswagen

Volkswagen, meaning “People’s Car” in German, is one of the most recognized and successful automobile manufacturers in the world. Founded in 1937, the company rose from its origins in Nazi Germany to become a symbol of German engineering and innovation. It is now the flagship brand of the Volkswagen Group, which owns Audi, Porsche, Bentley, Lamborghini, SEAT, Škoda, and more.

Founding and the People’s Car (1930s)

In 1937, the German Labour Front under Adolf Hitler established Volkswagenwerk GmbH to produce a cheap, practical car for the average German citizen. Designed by engineer Ferdinand Porsche, the car would become the legendary Volkswagen Beetle.

The KdF-Wagen

The original design was called the Kraft-durch-Freude-Wagen (Strength Through Joy Car). However, World War II delayed full civilian production, and the factory was repurposed to build military vehicles such as the Kübelwagen and Schwimmwagen.

Post-War Revival (1945–1950s)

After WWII, the Volkswagen factory was located in the British occupation zone. British Army officer Major Ivan Hirst played a key role in reviving the company and restarting production of the Beetle.

Rise of the Beetle

The Volkswagen Type 1, commonly known as the Beetle, became a global phenomenon. With its air-cooled, rear-mounted engine and unmistakable rounded shape, it offered reliable, economical transport. Over time, it became the best-selling car in history, with over 21 million units produced.

Expansion and Diversification (1950s–1970s)

Volkswagen rapidly expanded during the post-war economic boom. New factories, improved models, and a growing international network made it a global player.

Notable Models

• Volkswagen Type 2 (Transporter/Bus) – Launched in 1950, this van became iconic among campers, surfers, and hippies.
• Karmann Ghia – A stylish coupe based on the Beetle chassis, introduced in 1955.
• Volkswagen Type 3 and 4 – Offered more comfort and space while maintaining air-cooled technology.

Global Presence

Volkswagen opened production facilities in Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and other countries. By the late 1960s, it was one of the largest car manufacturers in the world.

New Direction: Front-Engine Water-Cooled Cars (1970s–1980s)

By the 1970s, the Beetle’s design was becoming outdated. Volkswagen needed modern, fuel-efficient, front-engine vehicles to remain competitive.

Introduction of the Golf

In 1974, Volkswagen launched the Golf (known as the Rabbit in some markets). Designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro, it featured a transverse engine and front-wheel drive. The Golf became a new cornerstone for the brand.

Other Key Models

• Passat (1973) – A mid-size family car that helped Volkswagen target a broader market.
• Scirocco (1974) – A sporty coupe based on the Golf platform.
• Polo (1975) – A compact car that became a strong seller in Europe.

Global Consolidation and Premium Expansion (1990s–2000s)

Volkswagen modernized its lineup and invested in quality and technology. During this period, the Volkswagen Group expanded its portfolio through acquisitions.

Major Acquisitions

• Audi (fully integrated by the 1980s)
• SEAT (acquired in 1986)
• Škoda (joined in 1991)
• Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini (acquired in the late 1990s)

Key Developments

Volkswagen refined its brand image to focus on quality and engineering precision. Models like the Golf Mk4, Passat B5, and Phaeton represented a push into premium segments.

Dieselgate and Recovery (2015–2020s)

In 2015, Volkswagen was embroiled in the “Dieselgate” emissions scandal, in which it was revealed that the company had programmed diesel engines to cheat emissions tests. The fallout resulted in billions in fines and damaged its reputation.

Response and Strategy Shift

In response, Volkswagen accelerated its move toward electrification and sustainability. The company restructured and invested heavily in battery technology, EV platforms, and clean mobility.

The Electric Future: ID. Series and Beyond

Volkswagen launched a new family of electric vehicles under the ID. series, built on its dedicated MEB platform.

Notable EV Models

• ID.3 – Compact hatchback designed for European markets.
• ID.4 – Global electric SUV with strong sales.
• ID.Buzz – A modern electric revival of the classic VW Bus.

Strategy and Vision

Volkswagen aims to become a leader in electric mobility, committing to phase out internal combustion engines in key markets by the 2030s. The company is investing billions into EV production and battery plants worldwide.

Legacy of Volkswagen

From the humble Beetle to cutting-edge EVs, Volkswagen’s story is one of resilience, innovation, and mass appeal. Few brands have managed to reinvent themselves as successfully, time and again, across so many different eras.

Key Achievements

• Over 23 million Beetles produced — one of the best-selling cars in history.
• Golf consistently ranks among the world’s top-selling cars.
• A top-three global car manufacturer for decades.

Conclusion

Volkswagen has transformed from a state-run manufacturer into a global mobility giant. It pioneered accessible cars, weathered major crises, and now stands at the forefront of electric innovation. With deep roots and ambitious plans, Volkswagen continues to shape the future of the automotive world.